In 1947, one contest in Tokyo placed a skilled abacus operator against an electric computer. A skilled person can make computations with amazing speed. Each lower bead in the tens column represents one ten (or ten), and each upper bead represents five tens (or fifty). The tens column represents numbers from ten to ninety.
Each bead below the crossbar has a value of one (or one), and each bead above the crossbar has a value of five ones (or five). The ones column represents numbers from one to nine. Third column represents hundreds, and fourth represents thousands. Each upper bead represents five units, and each lower bead equals one unit.Ĭounting is from the right, starting with units or the ones column, followed by the second column which represents the tens column. Each column has two beads above the crossbar and five below it. A typical Chinese abacus has columns of beads separated by a crossbar. The Chinese abacus is called suanpan, which means counting, or reckoning, board.
Source: Modified from original by Pan American World Airways, Funk and Wagnalls Encyclopedia, ©1950 The beads, representing numberic values, are strung on wires or wooden rods attached to the frame.Ī Chinese bookkeeper using an abacus to calculate for his accounts The abacus consists of a frame containing columns of beads. It can be used to add, subtract, multiply, and divide, and to calculate square roots and cube roots.
ABACUS BEADS DEFINITION MANUAL
Abacus, pronounced AB uh kuhs from the Greek abax, calculating table and manual device which was used in the Oriental during ancient and midiaeval times, and by other ancient people such as the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans and Japanese to perform arithmetic problems.
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